ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“

ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื›ืœื” ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื• ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื’ื ืขืฆื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื›ืœื” ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืื˜ื /ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืืช ื“ื™ืื˜ื /ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื ื• ืื ื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื ืงืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืง, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืงืฆืช ืžืชืขืจืขืจ ื•ืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.ย 

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื— ื’ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื•, ืื•ืœื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ื™ืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื? ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืข ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช, ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื• ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื•.

ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืœื“ื ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ- ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ืคื•ืก ืื›ื™ืœื” ื›ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืจืฉ, ืœื ืคืขื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ืœื ืคืขื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืจืฉืช ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจืขื‘, ืืœื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืกื›ื•ืœ, ืฉืขืžื•ื, ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื” ื•ืžืชื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื, ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืกืœื˜ ืื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื’ื ืืชื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืžืื‘ืงื™ ื›ื•ื— ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื /ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื”.

ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช

ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืคื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœื• ื•ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ืœืืชืจ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืื• ืžืงืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœื•. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืžื”ื“ื™ืื˜ืŸ/ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.

ืžื”ืžื“ืข: ื”ืื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™?

ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื”ืคืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขื“ 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื›-20% ืžืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืืžืช ื’ื™ืœ ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“.

"ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ืืกืคืงืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกืคืง ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื• ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•- ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“." -ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืจืขื ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจ, M.D.Dises, ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื• ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืจืงืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืœ-2 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: ืžืืงืจื• ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืื˜ื ื™ื (ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื) ื•ืžื™ืงืจื• ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืื˜ื ื˜ื™ื (ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื). ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” (ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื•ืžืŸ), ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืื‘ืฅ, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D , ืกื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C.

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”,ย  ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื” ื›ื™ "ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื•ืื‘ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืœืขืงื™ืจืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ืช." ื•ื›ื™ "ืืกืคืงืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื A ื•- D ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ืฉืœื ืžืฆื™ืข ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื• (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ) ืฉื ื—ืงืจ ื›ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื".

ืชื–ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ืจืš ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ (ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืื ืื• ืชืž"ืœ). ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื’ื“ืœ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื, ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชืž"ืœ/ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ืชื• ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืขืงื‘ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืœื“, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื“ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.

ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื (ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš) ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช (ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช). ืœืจื•ื‘, ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ืื• ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืืœื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ืœื•ื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืื“, ื”ื’ืขื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ืข, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ืื” ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื“ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.

ื™ืฆืจื• ืฉื’ืจืช ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”

ืœื ืคืขื ืฉื’ืจืช ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื–ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืื›ืœื”, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘. ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ืฉ, ืžืชื™ ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื’ืฉ, ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจืขื‘ ืฉืœื•.

ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืžืื”, ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•, ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื›ื• ื•/ืื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื›ืจ. ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื•ื›ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืื“ ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืœืœื ื˜ืขื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืกื•ืช, ืžืขื“ื ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื• ืคืขื•ืœื”.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ื–ื• ืฉืชืกืคืง ืœื™ืœื“ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื“ื™ืœืชื•. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื /ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.

ื”ืงืคื“ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืš ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื”ืื›ืœื”. ื“ืื’ ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื™ืœื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ื”ืงืคื“ ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืจืงืข (ื›ืžื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืœืงื™ื).

ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžื ื™ื, ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืืชื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ื“ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืชื–ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืคื ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ื‘ื›ืš.

ย 

ื’ืœื™ืœื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืขืžื•ื“